739 research outputs found
Photon BEC with Thermo-Optic Interaction at Dimensional Crossover
Since the advent of experiments with photon Bose-Einstein condensates in
dye-filled microcavities in 2010, many investigations have focused upon the
emerging effective photon-photon interaction. Despite its smallness, it can be
identified to stem from two physically distinct mechanisms. On the one hand, a
Kerr nonlinearity of the dye medium yields a photon-photon contact interaction.
On the other hand, a heating of the dye medium leads to an additional
thermo-optic interaction, which is both delayed and non-local. The latter turns
out to represent the leading contribution to the effective interaction for the
current 2D experiments. Here we analyse theoretically how the effective
photon-photon interaction increases when the system dimension is reduced from
2D to 1D. To this end, we consider an anisotropic harmonic trapping potential
and determine via a variational approach how the properties of the photon
Bose-Einstein condensate in general, and both aforementioned interaction
mechanisms in particular, change with increasing anisotropy. We find that the
thermo-optic interaction strength increases at first linearly with the trap
aspect ratio and lateron saturates at a certain value of the trap aspect ratio.
Furthermore, in the strong 1D limit the roles of both interactions get reversed
as the thermo-optic interaction remains saturated and the contact Kerr
interaction becomes the leading interaction mechanism. Finally, we discuss how
the predicted effects can be measured experimentally.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Thermodynamics of Trapped Photon Gases at Dimensional Crossover from 2D to 1D
Photon Bose-Einstein condensates are characterised by a quite weak
interaction, so they behave nearly as an ideal Bose gas. Moreover, since the
current experiments are conducted in a microcavity, the longitudinal motion is
frozen out and the photon gas represents effectively a two-dimensional trapped
gas of massive bosons. In this paper we therefore focus on a harmonically
confined ideal Bose gas in two dimensions, where the anisotropy of the
confinement allows for a dimensional crossover. If the anisotropy is even large
enough so that the squeezed direction is frozen out, then only one degree of
freedom survives and the system can be considered to be quasi-one dimensional.
We work out the thermodynamic properties for such a system analytically and
examine, in particular, the dimensional information which is contained in the
respective thermodynamic quantities. With this our results are useful for
future experiments of photon gases at the dimensional crossover from 2D to 1D
in view of determining their effective dimensionality from thermodynamic
quantities.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, submission to New Journal of Physic
Online mechanism design for electric vehicle charging
The rapid increase in the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is expected to place a considerable strain on the existing electricity grids, due to the high charging rates these vehicles require. In many places, the limited capacity of the local electricity distribution network will be exceeded if many such vehicles are plugged in and left to charge their batteries simultaneously. Thus, it will become increasingly important to schedule the charging of these vehicles, taking into account the vehicle ownersâ preferences, and the local constraints on the network. In this paper, we address this setting using online mechanism design and develop a mechanism that incentivises agents (representing vehicle owners) to truthfully reveal their preferences, as well as when the vehicle is available for charging. Existing related online mechanisms assume that agent preferences can be described by a single parameter. However, this is not appropriate for our setting since agents are interested in acquiring multiple units of electricity and can have different preferences for these units, depending on factors such as their expected travel distance. To this end, we extend the state of the art in online mechanism design to multi-valued domains, where agents have non-increasing marginal valuations for each subsequent unit of electricity. Interestingly, we show that, in these domains, the mechanism occasionally requires leaving electricity unallocated to ensure truthfulness. We formally prove that the proposed mechanism is dominant-strategy incentive compatible, and furthermore, we empirically evaluate our mechanism using data from a real-world trial of electric vehicles in the UK. We show that our approach outperforms any fixed price mechanism in terms of allocation efficiency, while performing only slightly worse than a standard scheduling heuristic, which assumes non-strategic agents
Spin-orbit effects on the Larmor dispersion relation in GaAs quantum wells
We have studied the relevance of spin-orbit coupling to the dispersion 00009
relation of the Larmor resonance observed in inelastic light scattering and
electron-spin resonance experiments on GaAs quantum wells. We show that the
spin-orbit interaction, here described by a sum of Dresselhaus and
Bychkov-Rashba terms, couples Zeeman and spin-density excitations. We have
evaluated its contribution to the spin splitting as a function of the magnetic
field , and have found that in the small limit, the spin-orbit
interaction does not contribute to the spin splitting, whereas at high magnetic
fields it yields a independent contribution to the spin splitting given by
, with being the intensity of the
Bychkov-Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit terms.Comment: To be published in Physical Review
A Polynomial-time, Truthful, Individually Rational and Budget Balanced Ridesharing Mechanism
Ridesharing has great potential to improve transportation efficiency while
reducing congestion and pollution. To realize this potential, mechanisms are
needed that allocate vehicles optimally and provide the right incentives to
riders. However, many existing approaches consider restricted settings (e.g.,
only one rider per vehicle or a common origin for all riders). Moreover, naive
applications of standard approaches, such as the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves or
greedy mechanisms, cannot achieve a polynomial-time, truthful, individually
rational and budget balanced mechanism. To address this, we formulate a general
ridesharing problem and apply mechanism design to develop a novel mechanism
which satisfies all four properties and whose social cost is within 8.6% of the
optimal on average
A multi-scale flood monitoring system based on fully automatic MODIS and TerraSAR-X processing chains
A two-component fully automated flood monitoring system is described and evaluated. This is a result of combining two individual flood services that are currently
under development at DLRâs (German Aerospace Center) Center for Satellite based Crisis Information (ZKI) to rapidly support disaster management activities. A first-phase monitoring component of the system systematically detects potential flood events on a
continental scale using daily-acquired medium spatial resolution optical data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). A threshold set controls the activation of the second-phase crisis component of the system, which derives flood information at higher spatial detail using a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) based satellite mission (TerraSAR-X). The proposed activation procedure finds use in the identification of flood situations in different spatial resolutions and in the time-critical and on demand
programming of SAR satellite acquisitions at an early stage of an evolving flood situation. The automated processing chains of the MODIS (MFS) and the TerraSAR-X Flood Service (TFS) include data pre-processing, the computation and adaptation of global auxiliary data, thematic classification, and the subsequent dissemination of flood maps using an interactive web-client. The system is operationally demonstrated and evaluated via the monitoring two recent flood events in Russia 2013 and Albania/Montenegro 2013
Quantum Mechanical Description of Thermo-Optic Interaction
Thermo-optic interaction significantly differs from the usual
particle-particle interactions in physics, as it is retarded in time. A
prominent platform for realising this kind of interaction are photon
Bose-Einstein condensates, which are created in dye-filled microcavities. The
dye solution continually absorbs and re-emits these photons, causing the photon
gas to thermalise and to form a Bose-Einstein condensate. Because of a
non-ideal quantum efficiency, these cycles heat the dye solution, creating a
medium that provides an effective thermo-optic photon-photon interaction. So
far, only a mean-field description of this process exists. This paper goes
beyond by working out a quantum mechanical description of the effective
thermo-optic photon-photon interaction. To this end, the self-consistent
modelling of the temperature diffusion builds the backbone of the modelling.
Furthermore, the manyfold experimental timescales allow for deriving an
approximate Hamiltonian. The resulting quantum theory is applied in the
perturbative regime to both a harmonic and a box potential for investigating
its prospect for precise measurements of the effective photon-photon
interaction strength
Two-sided online markets for electric vehicle charging
With the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), the number of public charging stations is increasing rapidly, allowing drivers to charge their cars while parked away from home or en-route to their destination. However, as a full charge can take a significant amount of time, drivers may face queues and uncertainty over availability of charging facilities at different stations and times. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a novel, two-sided market for advance reservations, in which agents, representing EV owners, report their preferences for time slots and charging locations, while charging stations report their availability and costs. In our model, both parties are rational, profit-maximising entities, and buyers enter the market dynamically over time. Given this, we apply techniques from online mechanism design to develop a pricing mechanism which is truthful on the buyer side (i.e., drivers have no incentive to misreport their preferences or to delay their reservations). For the seller side, we adapt three well-known pricing mechanisms and compare them both theoretically and empirically. Using realistic simulations, we demonstrate that two of our proposed mechanisms consistently achieve a high efficiency (90â95% of optimal), while offering a trade-off between stability and budget balance. Surprisingly, the third mechanism, a common payment mechanism that is truthful in simpler settings, achieves a significantly lower efficiency and runs a high deficit
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